The history of Pylos, Greece (also known historically as Navarino) is rich and stretches back thousands of years, from the Bronze Age to modern times. Here's a breakdown by period:
Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100 BCE) – Mycenaean Pylos
· Pylos was a major Mycenaean center, known from both archaeology and Homeric poetry.
· The Palace of Nestor, located nearby at Epano Englianos, is one of the best-preserved Mycenaean palaces. It was likely the seat of the mythical King Nestor mentioned in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Excavations have revealed Linear B tablets, storerooms, throne rooms, and frescoes.
· The site was destroyed around 1200 BCE, likely due to invasions or internal collapse.
Classical and Hellenistic Periods
· Pylos became less significant during the Classical period.
· It came under control of various powers, including Sparta and later the Macedonians under Philip II and Alexander the Great.
· Notably, the Battle of Pylos (425 BCE) occurred during the Peloponnesian War, when Athenian forces under Demosthenes defeated the Spartans.
Medieval Period
· During the Byzantine era, the area remained populated but diminished in importance.
· In the early 13th century, it was occupied by the Franks after the Fourth Crusade.
· It passed to the Ottomans in the 15th century, later becoming a contested site among Venetians, Ottomans, and local Greeks.
Battle of Navarino (1827)
· One of the most pivotal naval battles in modern Greek history.
· A decisive victory for an alliance of Britain, France, and Russia over the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet.
· This battle helped secure Greek independence from Ottoman rule, leading to the establishment of the modern Greek state.
Modern Pylos
· Today, Pylos is a small but historically rich town in Messenia, southwestern Peloponnese.
· The Niokastro (New Castle), built by the Ottomans in 1573, overlooks the modern harbor.
· It's a popular destination due to its natural beauty (Navarino Bay, Gialova Lagoon) and historical landmarks.
Historical Timeline
c. 1600–1200 BCE: Mycenaean Pylos thrives; Palace of Nestor built and used.
c. 1200 BCE: Palace destroyed, likely due to invasion or internal collapse.
425 BCE: Battle of Pylos: Athenian victory over Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
1204 CE: Frankish Crusaders capture the area after the fall of Constantinople.
15th–17th c: Area switches hands between Ottomans and Venetians.
1827: Battle of Navarino: Allied naval forces defeat the Ottomans; key moment in Greek independence.
1830s–Present: Becomes part of modern Greece; today, a small historical town with major archaeological and touristic interest.